The Future of Military Technology - Five Developments in defence technology are changing the nature of modern warfare

The Future of Military Technology - Five Developments in defence technology are changing the nature of modern warfare

Summary

Defense technology is advancing at quite a rate of knots in 2017 and some remarkable new abilities are available for militaries to purchase. From robotic mules through to drone swarms and rail guns there are multiple areas of strong innovation in the defense industry. Some of these technologies have the potential to change how warfighting works in the future and in a new world where the balance of power internationally is more scattered between different multiple nations many are preparing for the concerning prospect of state versus state conflict in the future. However whilst some are game changing there are plenty of other technologies that are a black hole for money and resources, producing impractical, complex, expensive and unworkable machines. The key task though in this period of rapid development is recognizing the full implications of using a new technology indiscriminately, before it becomes a new, dangerous and counterproductive threat to world security.

Key Questions Answered

- What technology absorbing the attention of modern military planners?
- Where is the money going and is it being spent wisely?
- Are all of the new technologies emerging actually practical?
- What can we expect to see in future wars and does this make the world safer or less safe?

Scope

- Examine how military technology is developing and what the militarys are spending their money on.
- Learn what trends in warfare are driving the changes being seen.
- See how just how useful new technology is and whether or not money is being wasted on certain projects.
- Examine how these changes might alter modern military strategy and just how the global balance of power is changing.

Reasons to buy

- One of the largest levels of military investment is going into procuring equipment that can operate automatically, that doesnt require human operators and can back up units on the ground. This is funneling into all manner of equipment, from automated attack drones, self-driving convoys, automated submarine hunters and many other types of kit. The potential for protecting soldiers is very high, taking over some of the most high-risk jobs and working to protect troops on the ground. However, a lot of this technology comes with very difficult obstacles to navigate including the implementation of this equipment into a fighting unit and protecting it from cyber-attack, but beyond that there are a wide variety of moral and ethical dilemmas to negotiate too. Furthermore, much of this equipment will require a complete rewriting of military strategy and doctrine and for the time being there will be relatively incremental steps to introduce this tech, rather than giant leaps forward.

- Stealth technology can be a complete disruptor in various military equipment types. The ability to avoid detection and attack or defend targets with the element of surprise, or complete surveillance missions under an enemys nose gives one military a critical edge over another. However, a significant problem with the technology is that the expense required to acquire it can be staggering. The cost involved in fact can be so high that it delays development by years in some cases and requires an enormous amount of secrecy in the design in order to keep it secret and still effective from other militaries. There may be much better ways to achieve the same effect particularly when considering some of the new technology options available today. Multiple countries are still pursuing stealth options and there are some much simpler and less expensive ways to achieve an element of stealth.

- In the context of all the technological opportunities that are being experimented with in the defense sector, modern military strategy and doctrine will have to change too, right down to the core of the basic concepts of how to fight an opponent. Couple with this, the ethics and morality of how two human opponents should engage each other in a new world where automated machines are doing both the majority of the work and the killing itself, and a great deal will have to change in the coming years should many of the new technologies be adopted. The breakdown of the current structures of global power from a unilateral to a multilateral system is also likely to affect how common warfare is and whether there will be conventional warfare in future. Technology is producing some disruptive change in the way that warfare works from strategy through to power balances between states.

Executive Summary 2
Using autonomy and robotics to resupply, protect and attack 2
Stealth technology is highly desired, but it might not be worth it 2
Fire systems are becoming smarter, not all advances are practical though 2
Soldier systems and survivability have never been more important 3
Military strategy and the global balance of power is changing 3
Using autonomy and robotics to resupply, protect and attack 9
Autonomous trucks are still some way away, but leader follower system shows promise 9
Robotic mules could provide excellent support opportunities 10
Delivery drones could vastly improve battlefield logistics 11
Drones are tried and tested but have significant flaws currently 12
The US and China are locked in a swarm arms race, quantity versus quality 13
Sea hunter: one of the experiments with autonomous sea vehicles 13
Automated tanks will start to trickle into the market very soon 14
Currently these machines are far too expensive to be worth purchasing in many cases 15
Stealth technology is highly desired but it might not be worth it 17
The F-35 is the starkest example of a stealth program gone out of control 17
SU35 doesnt worry about stealth, but focuses on firepower, range and maneuverability and is much cheaper 18
Despite the lessons learned from the F35 program, other nations are following suit 19
Stealth is branching out into realms beyond just the air force 20
Stealth land options are now being used and they may actually have more merit 22
Stealth over numbers might be a long-term mistake 22
Stealth technology might become obsolete over time 22
Stealth technology has had a checkered history 23
Fire systems are becoming smarter 24
Smart munitions being developed for a variety of weapons 24
EXACTO self-guided bullets for snipers at live-fire testing 24
Self-guiding bullets have been in development by DARPA for almost a decade 24
Teledyne Scientific and Imaging also working on self-guided ammo 25
Self-guided bullets also being tested by other countries and could proliferate 25
MAD-FIRES being developed for artillery shells and machine guns 25
Millennium Challenge 2002 highlighted serious deficiencies in US naval doctrine 26
First application will be on naval cannon, but could move towards machineguns 26
Raytheon and Lockheed Martin developing weapons on MAD-FIRES platform 28
BAE and General Atomics have railguns in development 28
Railguns effectiveness marred by power and coil consumption 28
Power consumption also inhibiting railgun deployment 30
Navy is looking into workarounds to effectively deploy railguns 30
Direct energy systems already have limited deployment 30
Laser system has been deployed on US warship since 2014 30
More powerful lasers are being developed 32
Airborne lasers under development by Lockheed Martin 32
Biggest obstacle to deployment is size of equipment 32
Soldier systems and survivability have never been more important 33
Soldier modernization programs are stimulating growth in the defense sector 33
New ballistic head protection systems are due to be introduced in 2020 34
New armor systems are in constant development, improving survivability drastically 35
Liquid armor technology is combat ready and offers some significant benefits 35
Synthetic fish scale like body armor is being developed 35
Carbon nanotube technology is being applied to body armor 36
New clothing is being developed to protect against the environment much more efficiently 36
New troop carriers about to replace a 40-year old US design 37
Further modification of solider kit to allow for electronic augmentations 38
Exoskeleton suits have been developed, but the projects have been deemed unworkable so far 39
New soldier system equipment is emerging in Russia and the USA 40
Military strategy and the balance of power 41
Drones and missiles may actually be counterproductive in many warzones 41
The global balance of power is changing and this might make war more likely between states 42
Increased complexity of warfare expands the realms of combat into soft power 43
Russia and Ukraine a blueprint of future wars to come with massive cyberwarfare 44
Speed is now critical, both in warfare terms and technological advance 45
A knockout blow is actually much more feasible in the current climate 45
Trumps America has less international power and credibility and it causes concern everywhere 45
Procurement is now aimed once again at conventional warfare methods 46
Points of interest 47
Appendix 48
Sources 48
Further Reading 48
Ask the analyst 49
About MarketLine 49
Disclaimer 49

List Of Tables

Table 1: Drone strikes by US forces in 2016 civilians and total killed in non-warzone countries 12
Table 2: Chinese and US primary attack drone compared 42

List Of Figures

Figure 1: Autonomous trucks during US army autonomy test 9
Figure 2: Lockheed Martins Squad Mission Support System and Boston Dynamics Big Dog 10
Figure 3: UK last mile research project 11
Figure 4: Coalition v Russia: Alleged civilian casualty events in Syria and Iraq Oct 2015 - Oct 2016 12
Figure 5: US Navys Sea Hunter autonomous submarine hunter 13
Figure 6: Russias T14 Armata 14
Figure 7: BAE Systems Armed Robotic Combat Vehicle 15
Figure 8: Ukraines SpetsTechnoExport UGV 16
Figure 9: Lockheed Martin F35 17
Figure 10: Estimated unit cost of current fighters 19
Figure 11: Comparison of J-20, F22 and T-50 20
Figure 12: Stealth ship the USS Zumwalt 21
Figure 13: Saab MCS stealth camouflage system 22
Figure 14: EXACTO design 25
Figure 15: Bushmaster MK 38 25-mm aboard USS Boxer 27
Figure 16: BAE Systems electromagnetic railgun 29
Figure 17: AN/SEQ-3 Laser Weapon System on the USS Ponce 31
Figure 18: 2020 US Soldier Protection System 34
Figure 19: BAE Systems liquid armor 35
Figure 20: Carbon nano-tube membrane from Lawrence Livermore 36
Figure 21: US army, BAE built new AMPV replacement for the M113 37
Figure 22: Land Warrior Integrated Soldier System from US army 38
Figure 23: Exo-suits from Raytheon and Lockheed Martin 39
Figure 24: General Atomics TALOS and Russian Central Research Institute exoskeleton systems respectively 40
Figure 25: Chinas CH-5 Drone 41
Figure 26: Defense spending, 2000 & 2016 compared 43
Figure 27: Russia & Ukraine conflict map as of 2017 44
Figure 28: NATO members defense spending 2010-2016 CAGR and 2017 estimated growth 46

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