The Global Exosome Market – Market Size, Forecast, Trials and Trends, 2021

Exosome-related technologies have been developing rapidly over the past few years and substantial growth is expected for the market as they get integrated into the fields of liquid biopsy, precision medicine and regenerative medicine. In particular, cancer derived exosomes influence the invasive potential of cells by regulating angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunity, making them an extremely useful source of biomarkers for use in cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic selection. 

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endosomal origin that range in size between 30 and 100 nanometers. Exosomes are secreted by a wide range of cells, since virtually all living cells utilize exosome-mediated communication. Exosomes carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are selectively taken up by recipient cells.

The cargo contained within exosomes can offer prognostic information for range of diseases - including cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases - as well as cancer. Researchers investigating exosome biomarkers have discovered, identified, and reported the presence of hundreds of biomolecules within the lumen of exosomes. This discovery has compelled a rapid rise in exosome-related cancer biomarker research, including the use of exosomes for the detection, monitoring, and treatment of a diverse range of oncologic conditions.

Importantly, exosomes are present within a diverse range of biofluids, including serum, plasma, urine, seminal fluid, CSF, saliva, tears and breast milk. For this reason, exosome-based diagnostics are minimally invasive, offering ease of use and speed of detection. Exosomes can also act as prognostic indicators and predictors of a patients response to a specific course of treatment.

Exosomes are also being explored for their use as cell-free therapeutics. For example, if a patient has a disease caused by a missing or defective protein or microRNA, the patient’s exosomes can be isolated, modified with the appropriate siRNA or protein and then injected back into the patient for treatment. There are also many approaches being researched for creating drug-loaded exosomes. Furthermore, exosomes can often exert powerful effects. For example, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived exosomes have the capacity to suppress inflammation, prevent scar tissue formation, and mediate a healthy immune response.

For these reasons, exosomes have gone from being overlooked to rapidly gaining momentum as a novel strategy for accessing the therapeutic effects of cells without the risks and difficulties of administering cells to patients. Although exosomes were discovered more than 30 years ago, it was not until recently that the scientific community began to give credit to exosomes for a range of promising traits. Fifteen years ago in 2006, there were only 76 articles published about exosomes on PubMed.gov. Today, there an astounding 17,850 articles published about exosomes on PubMed.gov, of which the vast majority were released in the past five years.

When exosome publications are analyzed, U.S. authors have published approximately 40% of the articles and China comes in second place. When the term "exosome" is searched in the scientific literature, Dr. Susanne Gabrielsson from the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden is the leading author. When the term "extracellular vesicles" is searched, Unicyte AG, a regenerative medicine unit of Fresenius Medical Care, takes the lead. Headquartered in Switzerland, the company has published more than 100 papers on exosomes and extracellular vesicles in combination with Professor Giovanni Camussi.

Exosome Market Forces

To characterize the rapidly expanding exosome market, the publisher has released a 358-page global market report that explores growing demand for exosome therapeutics, diagnostics, research tools, and manufacturing technologies. The report reveals trend rate data for exosome patents, grants, scientific publications, and clinical trials.

It highlights information about exosome industry partnerships, merger and acquisition (M&A) activity, and financing events. It features company profiles for 107 global competitors from across the exosome marketplace. Importantly, it presents market size determinations by market segment with forecasts through 2028.

Today in 2021, the exosome industry is witnessing:

• A surging number of scientific papers investigating exosomes and their applications
• Rising numbers of clinicals trials investigating exosome therapeutics and diagnostics
• Swelling appetite among investors for exosome technology
• An increasingly competitive IP environment
• A diverse range of co-development partnerships
• Proliferating numbers of exosome competitors in all major life science markets worldwide

This 358-page global strategic report about the exosome industry reveals:

1. The pipeline for exosome therapeutics in 2021
2. Clinical trial activity by type, region, phase, and sponsor
3. Exosome industry events, including M&A activity, financing events, and IPOs
4. Strategic partnerships and co-development agreements
5. Competitors composing the global marketplace, including core technologies and products under development
6. Market size determinations by market segment, with forecasts through 2028
7. Exosome industry trends, competitive opportunities, and future directions for the global market
8. And so much more

Claim this global strategic report to:

1. Get educated about the rapidly evolving exosome market
2. Identify opportunities for exosome product development
3. Reveal the identities of all known competitors developing exosome research products, diagnostics, therapeutics, and manufacturing technologies
4. Purse external funding from investors
5. Make smarter decisions, faster

1. REPORT OVERVIEW
1.1 Statement of the Report
1.2 Target Demographic
1.3 Report Sources
1.4 Purpose of the Report
1.4.1 Survey Recent Developments in Exosome Industry
1.4.2 Provide a “Snapshot” of Global Exosome Market
1.4.3 Assess Opportunities for Commercialization
1.4.4 Identify Major Market Players and Assess the Competitive Environment
1.4.5 Identify Existing and Emerging Trends
1.4.6 Identify Critical Opportunities and Threats within the Exosome Market
1.5 Executive Summary
1.6 Introduction

2. EXOSOMES: AN OVERVIEW
2.1 Structure of an Exosome
2.1.1 Molecular Content of Exosomes
2.1.1.1 Proteins in Exosomes
2.1.1.2 Lipid Cargo in Exosomes
2.1.1.3 Nucleic Acids in Exosomes
2.1.1.4 Components of Membrane and Lumen of Exosomes
2.2 Engineered Exosomes
2.3 Functions of Exosomes
2.3.1 Pivotal Role of Exosomes
2.4 Adaptability to Engineering
2.5 Differences between Exosome Therapy and Cell Therapy
2.6 Sources of Exosomes for Research and Clinical Applications
2.7 The Good Sides of Exosomes
2.8 The Bad Side of Exosomes
2.9 The Shift from Cell Therapy to Exosome Therapy

3. EXOSOME RESEARCH
3.1 To Inhibit Disease-Derived Exosomes
3.1.1 To Use Exosomes as Therapeutic Platforms
3.1.2 To Use Exosomes as Carriers of Genes in Gene Therapy
3.1.3 To Use Exosomes as Drug Delivery Carriers
3.2 Technologies for Exosome Isolation in Exosome Research
3.2.1 Common Isolation Methods in Exosome Research
3.3 Quality Control (QC) of Exosomes in Exosome Research
3.4 Bioimaging Modalities used in Exosomes Research
3.5 Labeling Methods used in Exosome Research
3.6 Fluorescent Dyes used in Labeling Exosomes
3.7 Common Methods to Remove Unlabelled Probes
3.8 Determination of Exosome Dose in Exosome Research
3.9 Routes of Exosome Administration
3.10 Characterization of Exosomes in Research
3.11 Scientific Publications on Exosomes
3.11.1 Trend of Global Publications
3.11.2 PubMed Publications on Exosome DNA as Diagnostics
3.11.3 PubMed Publications on Exosome RNA as Diagnostics
3.11.4 PubMed Publications on Exosome Proteins as Diagnostics
3.11.5 PubMed.gov Publications on Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells
3.11.6 PubMed.gov Publications on Exosome-based Diagnostics
3.11.7 PubMed.gov Publications on Exosome-based Therapeutics
3.11.8 PubMed.gov Publications on Exosomes for Cancer Diagnosis
3.11.9 PubMed.gov Publications on Exosomes for Pregnancy Disorders Diagnosis
3.12 Trends in Exosome Research Publications

4. EXOSOMES: CLINICAL TRIALS LANDSCAPE
4.1 Sources of Exosomes used in Clinical Trials
4.2 Studies using Anti-tumor Antigens
4.3 Studies using Cytotoxic Drugs against Cancer
4.4 Recruitment Status of Ongoing Exosome-based Clinical Trials
4.5 Study Designs
4.6 Study Phases
4.7 Funding Types
4.8 Exosome Clinical Trials by Geography
4.9 Exosome-based Clinical Trials by Application
4.10 Clinical Trials Involving MSC-Derived Exosomes
4.11 Clinical Trials involving Drug-Loaded Exosomes

5. CURRENT STATUS OF EXOSOME MANUFACTURING
5.1 Production of Exosomes from Cell Cultures
5.2 Production Formats
5.2.1 Large Scale Production
5.3 Exosome Manufacturing Companies
5.4 Companies Offering Exosome-Related Services

6. CURRENT STATUS OF EXOSOME INDUSTRY
6.1 Exosomes: The Current Focus of Stem Cell Companies
6.2 Clinical Applications of Exosomes
6.2.1 Diagnostic Applications
6.2.1.1 ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI) Test
6.2.1.2 Guardant360 CDx
6.2.2 Clinical Trials Focusing on Exosome Diagnostics
6.3 Therapeutic Applications
6.3.1 Promising Exosome-based Therapeutic Candidates
6.3.1.1 AB 126
6.3.1.2 AGLE-102
6.3.1.3 AVA-201
6.3.1.4 AVA-202
6.3.1.5 AZ 001
6.3.1.6 CAP-2003
6.3.1.7 exolL-12
6.3.1.8 ExoPr0
6.3.1.9 exoSTING
6.3.1.10 exoSTING
6.3.1.11 Plexaris
6.3.1.12 UNEX-42
6.3.1.13 Unexisome
6.3.1.14 VT-105
6.4 Addressable Diseases by Exosome Therapeutics
6.5 Cell-Free Vaccine Development
6.6 Current Status of Clinical Trials involving Exosomes
6.7 The Entry of Designer Exosomes
6.8 NIH Funding for Exosome Research
6.9 Deals and Fund Raising in Exosome Space
6.9.1 Partnerships in Exosome Industry
6.9.2 Venture Capital Funding in Exosome Industry
6.9.3 Acquisition Deals
6.10 Prominent Exopreneurs in the Industry
6.10.1 ArunA Biomedical
6.10.2 Capricor Therapeutics
6.10.3 Codiak Biosciences
6.10.4 Evox Therapeutics
6.10.5 Exosome Diagnostics, Inc.
6.10.6 Exocyte Therapeutics
6.10.7 Kimera Labs
6.10.8 NanoSomiX
6.11 Categories of Exosome Companies
6.12 Major Companies Holding Exosome Patents
6.13 Future Perspectives

7. EXOSOME ISOLATION APPROACHES
7.1 Differential Ultracentrifugation
7.2 Gradient Density Ultracentrifugation
7.3 Ultrafiltration & Sequential Ultrafiltration
7.4 Size-exclusion Chromatography
7.5 Polymer Precipitation
7.6 Immunoaffinity Capture
7.7 Microfluidics-Based Techniques
7.7.1 Active and Passive Methods of Microfluidics Platforms
7.8 Commercially Available Exosome Isolation Kits
7.8.1 Comparison of Currently Used Methods of Exosome Isolation
7.8.2 Quality of Exosomes Isolated by Different Methods
7.8.3 Summary of Different Isolation Methods on Current use
7.9 Characterization of Exosomes
7.9.1 Size and Shape
7.9.2 Molecular Profiling
7.9.2.1 Proteomics and Lipidomics
7.9.2.2 Genomics
7.9.3 Microscopy and Nanoscopy for Exosome Imaging
7.9.3.1 Direct Post-Isolation Labeling for Imaging
7.9.4 Approaches for Exosome Analysis of Gene and Protein Biomarkers
7.9.5 Emerging Optical Technologies for Exosome Analysis
7.9.6 Emerging Electrochemical and Electromechanical Approaches

8. EXOSOME ENGINEERING: A NEW PLATFORM
8.1 Exosome Engineering Approaches
8.1.1 Parental Cell-Based Exosome Engineering
8.1.2 Direct or Post-Isolation Exosome Engineering Approach
8.1.2.1 Loaded and Displayed Molecules in Direct Exosome Engineering
8.2 Clinical Applications of Designer Exosomes
8.2.1 Targeted Designer Exosomes
8.2.2 Anti-Cancer Designer Exosomes
8.2.3 Regenerative Designer Exosomes
8.3 Companies Developing Engineered Exosome-Based Therapeutics

9. MSC-DERIVED EXOSOMES IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
9.1 Cardiovascular Diseases
9.2 Kidney Diseases
9.3 Liver Diseases
9.4 Wound Healing
9.5 Select MSC Exosome-Based Clinical Trials addressing Diseases

10. DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS OF EXOSOMES
10.1 Exosomal Proteins as Diagnostic Biomarkers
10.2 Exosomal Nucleic Acids as Biomarkers
10.2.1 Non-Coding RNAs in Exosomes as Biomarkers in Cancer
10.3 Exosomes from other Biofluids as Cancer Biomarker
10.4 Exosomes in Pregnancy Disorders
10.5 Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases
10.6 Exosomes in Organ Transplantation
10.7 Published PubMed Articles on Exosome-Based Diagnosis

11. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF EXOSOMES
11.1 Advantages of Exosomes as Therapeutics
11.2 Therapeutic Exosome Platforms
11.2.1 Naïve Exosome Therapeutics
11.2.2 Engineered Exosome Therapeutics
11.2.2.1 Passive Cargo Loading
11.2.2.2 Active Cargo-Loading
11.3 Examples of Drugs Encapsulated in Exosomes
11.4 Preclinical Studies involving Exosomes with Therapeutics

12. APPLICATIONS OF EXOSOMES IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
12.1 Exosome-Based Immunotherapy in Animal Models
12.2 Ongoing Clinical Trials involving Exosomes in Developing Vaccines

13. EXOSOME RESEARCH TOOLS
13.1 Exosome Capture/Quantification Kits
13.2 Exosome-Associated RNA Extraction Kits
13.3 Exosome Standards
13.4 Immunoplates for Capture of Exosomes
13.5 Immunobeads for Exosome Isolation
13.6 Exosome Marker Antibodies

14. EXOSOME MARKET ANALYSIS
14.1 Market for Exosome Therapeutics
14.2 Market for Exosome Diagnostics
14.3 Market for Exosome Research Products

15. PROFILES OF EXOSOME MARKET COMPETITORS
15.1 101 Bio
15.1.1 Exosome Services
15.2 Abbexa, Ltd.
15.3 Abnova
15.4 Adipomics, Inc.
15.5 Aegle Therapeutics
15.5.1 Extracellular Vesicle Therapy
15.6 Aethlon Medical, Inc.
15.6.1 Hemopurifier in Cancer
15.7 Aegle Therapeutics
15.7.1 Aegle’s Platform Technology
15.7.2 Epidermolysis Bullosa
15.8 AgeX Therapeutics, Inc.
15.8.1 PureStem Technology
15.8.2 Induced Tissue Regeneration (iTR)
15.8.3 UniverCyte
15.9 Alexerion Biotech Corp.
15.9.1 Drug Development
15.9.2 EXOKIT
15.10 AMS Biotechnology, Ltd. (AMSBIO)
15.10.1 Products
15.11 Anjarium Biosciences
15.11.1 Anjarium’s Hybridosome Platform
15.12 antibodies-online GmbH
15.13 Aposcience AG
15.13.1 Wound Healing
15.13.2 Myocardial Infarction
15.14 Aruna Bio
15.14.1 AB126
15.15 Avalon GloboCare Corp.
15.15.1 Avalon’s Core Platforms
15.16 Aviva Systems Biology
15.17 Azymus Therapeutics
15.17.1 AZ Platform
15.18 BARD1 Life Sciences, Ltd.
15.18.1 EXO-NET
15.19 Beckman Coulter Life Sciences
15.19.1 Optima XPN
15.19.2 Vi-CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer
15.19.3 SW 32 Swinging-Bucket Rotor
15.19.4 CytoFLEX Flow Cytometer
15.20 BioCat GmbH
15.20.1 Exosome Purification Kits
15.21 BioFluidica
15.22 Biological Dynamics, Inc.
15.22.1 Verita Isolation Platform
15.23 Biorbyt, Ltd.
15.24 BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc.
15.24.1 SRM Technology
15.25 Bio-Techne
15.25.1 Products
15.26 BioVision, Inc.
15.27 BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics
15.27.1 Exosome for COVID-19
15.28 BreStem Therapeutics, Inc.
15.29 Capricor Therapeutics
15.29.1 Exosome Program
15.30 CD Bioparticles
15.30.1 Exosome Services
15.31 Cellarcus Biosciences, Inc.
15.31.1 vFC Vesicle Analysis Assays
15.31.2 vTag Antibodies
15.31.3 Vesicles and Vesicle Standards
15.31.4 Vesicle Analysis Services
15.31.5 Measuring EV Size and Concentration
15.31.6 Quantifying Vesicle Cargo
15.31.7 Custom Analysis Services
15.32 Cell Care Therapeutics
15.32.1 CCT-101
15.33 Cell Factory BVBA/Esperite NV
15.33.1 Exosome Projects
15.34 Cell Guidance Systems, Ltd.
15.34.1 Products for Exosome Research
15.35 Ciloa
15.35.1 Exosome Customization Technology
15.36 Clara Biotech
15.36.1 Clara’s Platform
15.36.2 ExoRelease
15.37 Codiak Biosciences
15.37.1 engEX Platform
15.37.2 exoASO-STAT6
15.37.3 exoIL-12
15.38 Creative Bioarray
15.39 Creative Biolabs
15.39.1 Products
15.39.2 Services
15.40 Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc.
15.40.1 AmnioStem Stroke Therapy
15.41 Creative Proteomics
15.41.1 Exosome Proteomics Services
15.42 Cusabio Technology LLC
15.42.1 Exosome Isolation Kits
15.43 Direct Biologics
15.43.1 ExoFlo
15.44 DLdevelop
15.45 EVerZom
15.45.1 Services
15.46 Evomic Science, LLC
15.46.1 ExoEZ Exosome Isolation Kit
15.47 Evox Therapeutics, Ltd.
15.47.1 Protein Therapeutics
15.47.2 RNA Therapeutics
15.48 ExBiome BV
15.48.1 ExomiR Technology
15.49 Exerkine Corp.
15.50 ExoCan Healthcare Technologies, Pvt. Ltd.
15.50.1 ExoEnrich Exosome Isolation Kit
15.50.2 ExoEngineering
15.51 ExoCoBio, Co., Ltd.
15.51.1 Products
15.52 Exogenus Therapeutics
15.53 EXoPERT
15.53.1 EXo-i
15.54 Exopharm
15.54.1 LEAP Technology
15.54.2 Cevaris & Plexaris
15.55 Exosome Diagnostics, Inc.
15.55.1 ExoDx Prostate Test
15.56 ExosomePlus
15.57 Exosome Sciences
15.57.1 TauSome Biomarker
15.58 Exosomics S.p.A
15.58.1 ExoRef
15.58.2 SeleCTEV Enrichment Kits
15.58.3 SoRTEV Enrichment Kit
15.59 ExoVectory
15.60 GenWay Biotech, Inc.
15.61 Guardant Health, Inc.
15.61.1 Guardant360 CDx
15.62 HansaBioMed Life Sciences, Ltd.
15.62.1 Products
15.63 Hitachi Chemical Diagnostics, Inc.
15.63.1 ExoComplete
15.64 ILIAS Biologics, Inc.
15.64.1 EXPLOR
15.64.2 Exo-Target
15.65 Innocan Pharma Corporation
15.66 Innovex Therapeutics, S.L.
15.66.1 Research & Development
15.67 Invent Biotechnologies, Inc.
15.68 Invitrx Therapeutics
15.68.1 Reluma
15.69 Izon Science, Ltd.
15.69.1 qEV Exosome Isolation
15.70 Kimera Labs, Inc.
15.71 Leading Biology, Inc.
15.72 LifeSpan BioSciences, Inc.
15.73 Lonza Group Ltd.
15.73.1 Exosome Service
15.74 Mantra Bio
15.74.1 Partnering
15.75 MDimune
15.75.1 BioDrone Technology
15.76 Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG
15.76.1 qEV Exosome Isolation Kit
15.77 miR Scientific
15.77.1 Prostate Cancer Test
15.78 Mursla, Ltd.
15.79 MyBioSource, Inc.
15.80 NanoSomix, Inc.
15.80.1 Technology
15.81 NanoView Biosciences
15.81.1 ExoView R
15.81.2 ExoView Tetraspanin Kits
15.82 NeurExo Sciences
15.83 New England Peptide, Inc.
15.83.1 ME-Kit for Exosome Isolation
15.84 Norgen Biotek Corp.
15.84.1 Services
15.85 Novus Biologicals, LLC
15.85.1 Exosomes Research Tools
15.86 nRichDx, Inc.
15.87 Oasis Diagnostics Corp.
15.87.1 Pure.SAL
15.88 OmniSpirant Limited
15.88.1 Technology
15.89 OriGene Technologies, Inc.
15.90 Paracrine Therapeutics, Pvt. Ltd.
15.91 QIAGEN
15.91.1 ExoEasy Maxi Kit
15.91.2 miRCURY Exosome Kits
15.92 ReNeuron
15.92.1 Exosome Platform
15.93 RoosterBio, Inc.
15.93.1 RoosterCollect-EV
15.94 Stemcell Medicine, Ltd.
15.95 System Biosciences, LLC
15.95.1 Exosome Research Products
15.95.2 Exosome Research Services
15.96 Tavec Pharma
15.96.1 Technology
15.97 Theoria Science, Inc.
15.97.1 Technology: ExoScreen
15.98 Thermo Fisher Scientific
15.98.1 Exosome Products for Testing and Research
15.99 TransGen Biotech, Co., Ltd.
15.100 TriArm Therapeutics, Co., Ltd.
15.100.1 Exosome Engineering Platform
15.101 United Therapeutics Corp.
15.101.1 Unexisome
15.102 Versatope Therapeutics
15.102.1 VT-105
15.103 Vesigen Therapeutics, Inc.
15.103.1 Technology
15.104 VivaZome Therapeutics, Pvt. Ltd.
15.105 Xollent Biotech
15.105.1 Pipeline
15.106 XOStem, Inc.
15.107 YMIR Genomics LLC
15.107.1 Urine Biomarker Isolation Method
15.107.2 Ymatrix

List Of Tables

Table 2.1: Molecular Content of Exosomes
Table 2.2: Common Protein Components of Exosomes
Table 2.3: Common Lipid Components of Exosomes
Table 2.4: Nucleic Acids Present in Tumor-derived Exosomes
Table 2.5: Methods of Developing Engineered Exosomes
Table 2.6: Differences between Exosome Therapy and Cell Therapy
Table 2.7: Comparative Studies using Exosomes from different MSCs
Table 3.1: Comparison of MISEV2018 and MFDS2018 Guidelines
Table 3.2: Comparison of Imaging Modalities used in Exosome Research
Table 3.3: Comparison of Exosome Labeling Methods
Table 4.1: Recruitment Status for Exosome-based Clinical Trials
Table 4.2: Study Types of Ongoing Exosome-Based Clinical Trials
Table 4.3: Study Phase for Exosome-based Clinical Trials
Table 4.4: Phase III & Phase IV Exosome Studies in Clinical Trials
Table 4.5: Funder Types of Exosome-based Clinical Trials
Table 4.6: Exosome-based Clinical Trials by Application
Table 4.7: Examples of Clinical Trials involving MSC-Derived Exosomes
Table 4.8: NIH Clinical Trials involving Exosomes as Therapeutic Interventions
Table 5.1: List of Companies offering Exosome Services and Products
Table 6.1: Companies Developing Exosome-Based Diagnostics
Table 6.2: Select Clinical Trials Focusing on Evaluating Exosome Diagnostics
Table 6.3: List of Commercial Companies that use Exosomes for Therapies
Table 6.4: Promising Exosome-based Therapeutic Candidates
Table 6.5: A Short List of Diseases addressed by Exosome Therapeutics
Table 6.6: Select Exosome-Based Clinical Trials from 2010 to 2020
Table 6.7: List of NIH Funded Exosome Research Projects in 2021
Table 6.8: Deals and Fund Raising in Exosome Space
Table 6.9: Categories of Exosome Companies
Table 6.10: Major Companies Holding Exosome Patents
Table 7.1: Current Strategies for Exosome Isolation
Table 7.2: The Active and Passive Methods of Microfluidics Platforms
Table 7.3: Microfluidics-Based Exosome Isolation Techniques
Table 7.4: Commercially Available Exosome Kits
Table 7.5: Summary of Different Exosomes Isolation Methods
Table 7.6: Approaches for Exosome Analysis of Gene and Protein Biomarkers
Table 7.7: Emerging Optical Exosome Analysis Techniques
Table 7.8: Electrochemical and Electromechanical Approaches for Exosome Analysis
Table 8.1: Examples of Loaded and Displayed Molecules in Direct Exosome Engineering
Table 8.2: Targeting Moieties used for Developing Targeted Designer Exosomes
Table 9.1: Select Preclinical Studies Addressing Cardiovascular Diseases
Table 9.2: Select Preclinical Studies Addressing Kidney Diseases
Table 9.3: Select Preclinical Studies Addressing Liver Diseases
Table 9.4: Select Preclinical Studies Addressing Wound Healing
Table 9.5: MSC-Derived Exosomes in Clinical Trials for Regenerative Medicines
Table 10.1: Exosomal Cargo as Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis
Table 10.2: Exosomal Proteins in Different Cancers
Table 10.3: Types of RNA as Biomarker for Different Cancers
Table 10.4: Non-Coding RNAs in Exosomes as Biomarkers in Cancer
Table 10.5: Exosomal Cancer Biomarkers from other Body Fluids
Table 10.6: Target Molecules of Exosomes for Diagnosis in Pregnancy Disorders
Table 10.7: Target Molecules of Exosomes for Diagnosis in Cardiovascular Diseases
Table 10.8: Target Molecules of Exosomes for Diagnosis in Organ Transplantations
Table 11.1: List of Commercial Companies that use Exosomes for Therapies
Table 11.2: Summary of Exosome Engineering Methods for Cargo Delivery
Table 11.3: Examples of Drugs Encapsulated in Exosomes
Table 11.4: Preclinical Studies involving Exosomes loaded with Therapeutics
Table 12.1: The Potential of as a New Approach to Cancer Vaccines in Animal Models
Table 12.2: Ongoing Clinical Trials of Exosome-Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Table 13.1: Commercially available Exosome Isolation Kits
Table 13.2: Commercially available Exosome Isolation Kits
Table 13.3: Exosome-Associated RNA Isolation Kits
Table 13.4: Commercially Available Exosome Standards
Table 13.5: Commercially Available Immunoplates for Exosome Capture
Table 13.6: Commercially Available Immunobeads for Exosome Isolation
Table 13.7: Commercially Available Exosome Marker Antibodies
Table 14.1: Market for Exosome Therapeutics and Diagnostics by Region, 2020-2028
Table 14.2: Market for Exosome-Based Research Products by Region, 2020-2028
Table 15.1: Alexerion’s Exosome-Based Pipeline
Table 15.3: Xollent’s Pipeline of Exosome-Based candidates
Table 15.4: All Known Exosome Companies Worldwide

List Of Figures

Figure 2.1: Exosome Formation
Figure 2.2: Exosome Uptake by Target Cells
Figure 2.3: Structure of an Exosome
Figure 2.4: Schematic of Membrane and Lumen Components of Exosomes
Figure 2.5: Diagrammatic Representation of Developing Engineered Exosomes
Figure 2.6: Shares of MSCs from Sources used in Preclinical Studies for Exosomes
Figure 3.1: Most Common Exosome Isolation Methods
Figure 3.2: Exosome Labeling Methods in Exosome Biodistribution Analysis
Figure 3.3: Fluorescent Dyes used in Labeling Exosomes
Figure 3.4: Common Methods to Remove Unlabelled Probes
Figure 3.5: Determination of Exosome Dose for Biodistribution Analysis
Figure 3.6: Routes of Exosome Administration
Figure 3.7: Tested and Non-Tested Exosomes in Research
Figure 3.8: Number of PubMed Publications on Exosomes, 2020-2020
Figure 3.9: Top Five Countries with Largest Number of Publications
Figure 3.10: No. of PubMed Publications on Exosomes and DNA Diagnosis, 2010-2020
Figure 3.11: No. of PubMed Publications on Exosomes and RNA Diagnosis, 2010-2020
Figure 3.12: No. of PubMed Publications on Exosomes and Protein Diagnosis, 2010-2020
Figure 3.13: Number of PubMed Publications on Exosomes from Stem Cells, 2010-2020
Figure 3.14: Number of PubMed Publications on Exosomes as Diagnostics, 2000-2020
Figure 3.15: Number of PubMed Publications on Exosomes as Therapeutics, 2000-2020
Figure 3.16: No. of PubMed Publications on Exosomes for Cancer Diagnosis, 2010-2020
Figure 3.17: PubMed Publications for Pregnancy Disorders Diagnosis, 2010-2020
Figure 4.1: Share of Exosome Clinical Trials by Geography
Figure 5.1: Schematic Models of Continuous Exosome Manufacturing Approaches
Figure 5.2: Upstream Cell Line Production Methods
Figure 5.3: Downstream Exosome Purification Methods
Figure 6.1: Diagnostic Applications of Exosomes
Figure 6.2: The Two Engineering Approaches to Produce Designer Exosomes
Figure 6.3: Countries Having Major Shares in Exosome Patents
Figure 7.1: Diagrammatic Representation of Differential Ultracentrifugation
Figure 7.2: Diagrammatic Representation of Gradient Density Ultracentrifugation
Figure 7.3: Diagrammatic Representation of Ultrafiltration and Sequential Ultrafiltration
Figure 7.4: Diagrammatic Representation of Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Figure 7.5: Diagrammatic Representation of Polymer Precipitation
Figure 7.6: Diagrammatic Representation of Immunoaffinity Capture
Figure 7.7: Diagrammatic Representation of Microfluidics-Based Technique
Figure 7.8: Illustration of Conventional and Biofluidid-Based Isolation Methods
Figure 7.9: Comparative Yield of Exosomes by Isolation Methods
Figure 7.10: Relative Viability of Exosomes by Isolation Method
Figure 8.1: Exosomes with Loaded Therapeutics in the Lumen and Surface Display
Figure 8.2: Parental Cell-Based Exosome Engineering
Figure 8.3: Direct or Post-Isolation Exosome Engineering Approach
Figure 9.1: Therapeutic Effects of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Preclinical Studies
Figure 10.1: Published PubMed Articles on Exosome-Based Diagnosis
Figure 11.1: Different Approaches for Loading Drugs into Exosomes
Figure 11.2: Sketch of an Exosome Carrying Not-Fully Identified Functional Molecules
Figure 11.3: Passive Cargo-Loading
Figure 11.4: Active Cargo-Loading with Anchored Cargo
Figure 11.5: Active Cargo-Loading with Free-Cargo
Figure 14.1: Market for Exosome Therapeutics and Diagnostics by Region, 2020-2028
Figure 14.2: Market Share of Exosome Isolation Methods
Figure 14.3: Percent Utilization of Research Tools used on Captured Exosomes
Figure 14.4: Market for Exosome-Based Research Products by Region, 2020-2028

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