The world's banking and financial retail infrastructure is characterised by two scenarios. One scenario is played out in some regions that have a saturated banking industry where the nature of business and society leaves no time for people to conduct transactions in a bank's premises. In other regions physical bank sites are few and far between. Mobile money transactions allows financial operations to be conducted under both scenarios.  

Whether mobile remittance or mobile banking, the necessity of access to banking and transactions solutions is available immediately and securely. Is this a disruptive innovation for banks or a new opportunity for mobile operator to work together effectively with the financial industry. Who should take the lead in capitalising on the new opportunities? While banks have combined with mobile operators to provide mobile money transaction services, some mobile operators function alone.

This report presents an analysis of global remittances. This includes the macroeconomic impact of regulations, the trends in global remittances and the factors affecting global remittances. Studies have been conducted on the major remittance corridors and major remittance markets. The report analyses the mobile remittance market, beginning with the necessities of deploying a mobile money transaction service which is becoming a dominant force both for international and domestic remittance; with several case studies scrutinised. The technological aspect of mobile remittance is also comprehensively studied with several evolving business models and service models analysed.

To assess the future of the mobile remittance market, factors have been identified which are necessary for mobile remittance to flourish. To understand the forces of competition in a local mobile remittance market, Porter's five forces model has been used. In the end, a selection of forecasts has been drawn to help decision makers in devising strategies.

To understand the greater implications of mobile money transaction services, a study of mobile banking has been included in the latter stages of the report. The technological models behind mobile banking, alongside the macroeconomic and industry effects have been considered in the analysis.

This report provides a comprehensive insight into the mobile money transaction industry which in some ways will be an eye opener for the banking industry in general where mobiles are replacing physical in-situ banking services in an increasingly feasible and sustainable way.

Focus of the report
The report focuses on past and emerging trends of mobile banking and mobile remittances. Forecasts for these trends are also included. Focus will be put on the current business models and probable future business models and how they will be shaped by regulations and market forces.

The technological side of the mobile remittances with an understanding of current vendors of technology will be taken into account leading up to the innovations that affect the discipline as a whole. Major markets that are hot spots will be studied to give an overview of how companies can better tackle the wide scale adoption of mobile remittances.

The global scenario of funds transfers across the globe will also be taken into account as they form the total market of international mobile remittances. What macroeconomic effects will the development of the industry make will be analysed incomprehensively.

Who should buy this report?
The report is written in the view of aiding decision makers in the mobile and banking sector take and informed decision as to their strategy directions and their technological development. Precisely, the report focuses on:-
• Decision makers in mobile companies.
• Decision makers in mobile app companies.
• Decision makers in domestic and international banks.
• Decision makers in international money transfer organisations.
• Decision makers in the mobile retail sector.

Why do you need to order this report today
• Strategist in a mobile company - Understand how mobile remittance and mobile banking in general can increase your company's profit. Understand the technologies uesd, the trends occuring and the business and service models followed. get an insight into the opportunity that remittance market holds for mobile operators.
• Mobile Operators - Learn which markets hold the maximum potential for profit in mobile money transaction services. Learn how companies have done it all and how you can successfully implement the service in a potential market.
• Mobile handset vendors - Discover what mobile subscribers will want from their handsets and what Android and Symbian are working to bring the mobile market. Learn about opportunities in this market and how these can be best utilised. Learn about the emerging technologies that hare being used in mobile money transaction applications.
• Domestic and international bank decision makers - Learn how mobiles are disrupting the traditional banking industry. Know how to mitigate the effects that mobiles bring to the banking industry. Learn how your company can profit from the emerging trends. Get an overall view of the global remittance market and how you can improve your services to attract more customers.
• International money transfer organisation's officials - Learn how you can answer the demands of international remittances. Know what decisions to take with regards to the including mobile transactions as part of your service. 
• Mobile retail sector personnels - Know what customers want and align your company's decisions to the future trends. Know which services will sell the most and will be in demand in future.

CHAPTER- 1 Introduction
1.1 Disruptive innovations
1.2 Need for speed with more safety and convenience
1.3 The shift of the epicenter
1.4 The changing face of humanity
1.5 The huge potential
1.6 Potential pitfalls
1.7 The current market
Figure: M- Wallet Usage for Remittances Forecast (Worldwide)(2008- 2012)
1.8 Focus of the report
1.9 For whom is the report?

CHAPTER 2- Global Remittances
2.1 The Critical Macroeconomic Role of Remittances
2.2Global Data
Figure: Remittances as a percentage of country's GDP (53 countries considered)
2.3 Effect of the economic crisis on Global Remittances
2.4 Trends in Global Remittances
Figure: Global remittances trends and forecasts (distribution by country's income level, 2006-2015)
Figure: Annual growth rates for global remittances (2006-2011)
Figure: Figure: Global remittances trends and forecasts (distribution by region, 2006-2014)
2.5 Factors affecting Global Remittances
2.5.1 The Economic Crisis
2.5.1.1 Returning migrant stock
2.5.1.2 New migrants
Figure: Migrant employment in UK by country of birth(2002-2009)
Figure: Migrant population in US by country of birth(1990-2008)
2.5.1.3 Resulting scenario
Figure: Growth in Global Migrant Stocks(1960- 2050)
Figure: Annual Net Migrants to more developed regions(1950- 2050)
2.5.2 Efforts by migrants to maintain remittance
2.5.3 Volatile currency effects and government credit ratings
Figure: Currency appreciation in the major remittance-receiving countries
Figure: Effect of interest rates of Government Bonds
2.5.4 High base effect
2.6 Major remittance corridors
Figure: Major world remittance corridors
2.7 Remittance Channels
Figure: Remittance channels
2.8 Remittance motive
Figure: Remittances and capital flows to developing countries(2000- 2012)
2.9 Major remittance companies
Figure: Market share of P2P Money Transfer companies- 2009

3. Mobile Remittances
3.1 Why M- Banking
3.1.1 Inadequate Servicing of Remittance by Existing Mechanisms
Figure: US & UK Remittance Transaction Fees- 2009
3.1.2 Problems in reducing costs and an avenue for M- Banking
3.1.4 Poor financial infrastructure in developing economies
3.1.3 Participation in the formal vs. informal economy
3.2 Mobile penetration globally- Forecasts
Figure: World's mobile subscribers forecast (2000- 2015)
3.2.1 Major Growing mobile markets- Forecasts
3.2.1.1 Forecast for India- 2015
Figure: Indian mobile market forecast (2005- 2014)
3.2.1.2 Forecast for China- 2015
Figure: Chinese mobile market forecast (1999- 2015)
3.2.1.3 Forecast for Indonesia- 2015
Figure: Indonesian mobile market forecast (2000- 2015)
3.2.1.4 Forecast for Brazil- 2015
Figure: Brazilian mobile market forecast (2000- 2015)
3.2.1.5 Forecast for Africa- 2015
Figure: African mobile market forecast (2002- 2015)
3.3 Mobile Remittances
3.3.1 Present Scenario
3.3.1.1 Smart Telecom mWallet Services, Philippines
3.3.1.1.1 Smart Padala Remittance: 4 years of success
Figure: Smart Padala Remittance Partners and Locations Overseas
3.3.1.2 Globe Telecom, Philippines
3.3.1.2.1 GXI - Globe's M-Commerce Subsidiary
Figure: International GCASH REMIT Partners
3.3.1.3 Vodafone's M- PESA
3.3.1.3.1 Safaricom and M-PESA: m-transaction as a precursor to wider cross-border mobile remittance
3.3.1.3.2 M-PESA Adoption Curve
3.3.1.3.3 M-PESA Adoption Drivers
3.3.1.3.4 The M-PESA Service Model
3.3.1.3.5 M-PESA Expansion and International Implementation by Vodafone
3.3.1.3.6 Vodafone and Citigroup/Citibank global agreement
3.3.1.4 Bharti Airtel and Western Union Pilot Project
Figure: Western Union- number of agent locations worldwide, 2008
3.3.1.5 The GSM Association Mobile Money Transfer (MMT) Initiative
3.3.1.5.1 MMT: Attempt at creating a Multilateral Remittance Framework
Table Options for the Implementation of Multilateral MMT Hub Platforms
3.3.1.5.2 Partnerships
3.3.1.5.3 GSMA-Western Union Partnership
Table GSMA MMT Working Group Members
3.3.1.5.4 GSMA-MasterCard Partnership
3.3.2 Future developments

4. Technology aspect of mobile remittance
4.1 Evolving technologies to aid mobile remittances
4.1.1 The Development of M-transaction
4.1.2 Device Convergence
4.1.3 Convergence Embraces Mobile Transaction
Figure: M- Commerce
4.1.4 Low-cost handsets
Figure: Ultra Low Cost shipments, per annum, by region, 2009- 2014
4.1.5 SMS Banking
Figure: SMS Banking Framework
4.1.5.1 Prime Disadvantages of SMS Banking
Figure: Vulnerable points of SMS Banking
4.1.6 STK-enabled Mobile Transaction
Figure: STK application communication channel
4.1.7 IVR Banking Service Delivery
Figure: IVR Banking Framework
4.1.8 USSD/USSD2
Figure: USSD flow paths
4.1.9 WAP Service Delivery
Figure: WAP delivery service model
4.1.10 Service Delivery via J2ME Apps
Figure: Service Delivery via J2ME Apps
4.1.11 mWallet
Figure: Mobile Wallet Enabler Topology
4.1.12 Conclusion: Technology Options
4.2 Evolving Business Models and Service Models- Mobile Remittance
4.2.1 Business models
Figure: Mobile Remittance Value Chain
4.2.1.1 Mobile Operator as Bearer Channel Provider
Figure: MNO as Bearer-only Business Model
4.2.1.2 Mobile Operator as Bearer and Banking Application
Figure: MNO Banking Application Host Business Model
4.2.1.3 Integrating Banks/Financial Institutions into Mobile Operator Hosted Platforms
Figure: Business Model for an MNO as a Banking Hub
Figure: Topology of the MNO as Banking Hub Model
4.2.1.4 MNO Adoption of Financial Institution Status
Figure: Financially-licensed MNO model with MNO positioned as beneficiary
4.2.1.5 Summary of MNO Business Model Options
4.2.2 Business Model Options for Financial Institutions
4.2.3 Service Models
4.2.3.1 m-Wallet to m-Wallet
Figure: mWallet-to-mWallet Transaction Process
4.2.3.2 m-Wallet to Cash
Figure: mWallet-to-Cash Transaction Process
4.2.3.3 Cash to mWallet
Figure: Cash-to-mWallet Transaction Process

5. The Business Potential of remittance markets
5.1 Major domestic mobile remittance markets
5.1.1 Kenya
5.1.1.1 M- PESA offers
5.1.1.2 Growth in Kenyan mobile industry
Figure: Kenyan mobile industry (2003- 2012)
5.1.1.3 Kenyan mobile remittance market forecast
Figure: Number of registered users, M- Pesa (2007- 2012)
Figure: M- Pesa market adoption (2007-2012)
5.1.2 Philippines
5.1.2.1 Smart Money
Figure: Smart money (number of users) (2000-2015)
5.1.2.2 G- Cash
Figure: G- Cash (number of users) (2004-2015)
5.2 Potential mobile remittance markets
5.2.1 Methodology
5.2.2 The Financial Inclusion Index
5.2.3 Mobile remittance potential index
5.2.4 Results
Table- Mobile Remittance Potential Index (68 countries)
Table- Classification by Mobile Remittance adoption potency
Figure: Low Mobile Remittance adoption potential countries
Figure: Medium Mobile Remittance adoption potential countries
Figure: High Mobile Remittance adoption potential countries
5.3 Conditions necessary for mobile remittance to flourish
Figure: Conditions necessary for adoption of mobile remittance
5.4 Competitive forces in the mobile remittance market
5.4.1 Porter's Five Forces
Figure: Porter's five forces- Model
5.4.2 The five directions of competition- Explained
5.5 Regulatory issues in mobile remittance
5.5.1 Interplay between two regulatory frameworks- Financial regulations and telecommunication laws.
5.5.2 Regulatory Issues
5.5.3 Assessing a country's regulatory framework
Figure: Checklist for assessing a country's regulatory framework for introduction of MMT services.
5.5.4 Impact of regulation on choice of business model
Figure: Business Model Selection Framework
5.6<