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High-Brightness LED Global Market Review and Forecast (2010-2020) |
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| Published Date : 25 January 2011 |
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Pages : 769 |
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Extensive 10-Year Market Forecast ElectroniCast Consultants 10-year market forecast of the worldwide consumption of packaged high brightness light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs). For the January 2011 report, we have added new application categories to the forecast, as well as extensive market and technology analysis.
High Brightness (HB) LEDs, defined by ElectroniCast, for the purpose of this study, are packaged LEDs with a lumens/Watt rating of 30 lm/W and above, face the challenge of creating definitive positions in the illumination market, as competing lighting solutions are readily available. While this does not limit the potential success of HB-LEDs, it does create some challenges. ElectroniCast provides an independent examination and analysis of the changing market dynamics for various types of HB-LEDs and UHB-LEDs (ultra-high brightness) used in selected end-use applications.
The review of 2010 plus the market forecast (2011-2020) is presented for High Brightness LEDs with a lumens/Watt rating of 30 to 70 lm/W, as well as HB-LEDs with a lumens/Watt rating of over 70 lm/W. The HB-LED market forecast data are segmented by the following functions:
• Consumption Value (US$)
• Quantity (number/units)
• Average Selling Prices (ASP $, each)
The market data are segmented into the following geographic regions, plus a Global summary:
• The Americas (North America, Central and South America)
• EMEA (Europe, Middle Eastern countries, plus Africa)
• APAC (Asia Pacific)
The global HB-LED market is segmented into the following major application categories:
• Mobile/Portable Devices
• Signage/Professional Displays
• Solid-State Lighting – General Lighting
• Stationary Signals (not used in or on vehicles)
• Automotive/Vehicle (ships, rail/train, planes, etc)
• Consumer-Level TV/Desktop Monitor Backlighting
• Other/Miscellaneous (specialty, medical/science, test/measurement, etc)
The market data for HB-LEDs are also segmented by the following colors (type):
• Multiple-color multiple-chip packaged HB-LED
• Red, Orange or Yellow single color packaged HB-LED
• Blue, Green, Ultraviolet (UV) or Other Color single color packaged HB-LED
• White (WLED) packaged HB-LED
LED Level Quantified in the ElectroniCast Study A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a solid-state semiconductor device that converts electrical energy directly into light. Below, are four levels (or “food chain”) of LEDs. For the purposes of this ElectroniCast study, we quantify and provide a market forecast for “Level 2”
Level 1 - The chip or die
Level 2 - The Packaged LED (component-level bulb)
Level 3 - LED Lamp (consumer-level bulb/lamp)
Level 4 - LED luminaire (fixture/fitting)
Consumption Forecast: $46.05 Billion in 2020 According to ElectroniCast Consultants, the global consumption of packaged HB-LEDs in 2010 was $10.09 billion. In the year 2020, the worldwide consumption value is forecast to reach $46.05 billion. Market forecast data in this study report refers to consumption (use) for a particular calendar year; therefore, this data is not cumulative data.
HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast,
By Region (Value Basis, $Billion)
Source: ElectroniCast Consultants
Windows of Opportunity During the 2010-2020 timeframe covered in the ElectroniCast study report, decreasing average selling prices (ASPs) are forecast to cause challenging growth patterns in consumption value in some application segments; therefore competitors need to choose the right “windows of opportunity” to climb through.
Use of HB-LEDs in Mobile/Portable Devices is forecast to remain a strong segment; however, OLEDs continue to take market share. The sector is relatively mature versus other sectors and it already has a substantial consumption value; however, there are some emerging “stars” in the portable device category, which we forecast with a very impressive growth pattern for WLEDS (white HB-LEDS). In terms of consumption value (quantity x prices = value), the use of HB-LEDs in the Vehicle category is forecast to multiply by a factor of 7-times (7x), before eventually slipping in value, since declining average prices will offset rising quantity growth in some LED color segments.
The use of HB-LEDs in stationary (non-vehicle) Signals is forecast to increase at an average growth rate of 25.8 percent (2010-2015) and the use of HB-LEDs in SSL-General Lighting products is forecast for explosive throughout the 2010-2020 timeline covered in the ElectroniCast study.
The use (consumption value) of HB-LEDs in the Signage/Professional Display application is forecast to increase at an impressive growth pattern eventually consuming over $6 billion in 2020, according to the forecast by ElectroniCast Consultants.
Consumption of HB-LEDs in “Other” or miscellaneous applications will become much more segmented with opportunities and accountable, partially attributed to the fact that the tracking of the product use will be (more) evident, aided by automated inventory and purchasing management at the retail and other supply levels.
In the backlighting of consumer-level TV/Desktop Monitor category, the number of packaged white light emitting diodes that are require per back lighting unit (BLU) will decline, due to increased luminous efficacy and improvements (innovations) in supporting optics (waveguides, components and packaging).
Based on primary research (interviews and evaluations) with engineers and product planners, ElectroniCast can see ideas and then (eventually) concepts about 3-7 years before innovation solutions (products) are announced in the public domain. Once we feel confident that these ideas and concepts will become innovative solutions (new products), we set anticipated usage (consumption) into the market forecast.
Therefore, as we are looking as far as 10-years, many of the future products for the 2020 marketplace are not even at the idea-stage yet. It is also important to note that we, in effect, forecast lighting demand growth, which will drive demand for increased capability/capacity HB-LEDs. ElectroniCast analysts have extensive experience at searching for and finding-out about these ideas-concepts-innovations and evaluating them. |
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Table of Contents : |
1. HB-LEDs Global Market Forecast & Analysis 1-1
1.1 Executive Summary 1-1
1.2 LED Chips Used in Lighting 1-46
2. HB-LED Market Forecast By Color Type and Lumen/Watt 2-1
3. Application Market Forecast, by Region 3-1
3.1 Overview 3-1
3.2 HB-LEDs in Mobile Devices 3-12
3.3 HB-LEDs in Signage and Professional Displays 3-23
3.4 HB-LEDs in SSL-General Lighting 3-47
3.5 HB-LEDs in Stationary Signals 3-131
3.6 HB-LEDs in Automotive/Vehicles 3-151
3.7 HB-LEDs in Consumer TV and Desktop Monitors (Backlighting) 3-196
3.8 HB-LEDs in Other-Miscellaneous Applications 3-216
4. LEDs – Technology Overview 4-1
5. Company Profiles of LED and Related Companies (over 270 companies) 5-1
6. ElectroniCast Market Research Methodology 6-1
7. Definitions and Standards 7-1
7.1 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and General Terms 7-1
7.2 Lighting Standards and Protocols 7-73
8. Market Forecast Data Base Explanation 8-1
8.1 Overview 8-1
8.2 Tutorial of the ElectroniCast Data Base Worksheets 8-3
- Excel Data Base Spreadsheets (Global Market Forecast)
o Detailed Data: ASP ($, each); Quantity (Million); Value ($, Million) for all Regions
- Power Point Market Data Figures (Global Market Forecast)
List of Tables
1.1.1 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 1-3
1.1.2 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 1-6
1.1.3 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Color (Value Basis, $Billion) 1-8
1.1.4 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Color & Lumen/Watt (Value Basis, $Billion) 1-10
1.1.5 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Color & Lumens (Quantity Basis, Billion) 1-11
1.1.6 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Color & Lumens (Average Selling Price, US$) 1-11
1.1.7 Latin American Demographic Trends 1-24
2.1 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Color and lm/W (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-3
2.2 HB-LED America Consumption Market Forecast, By Color and lm/W (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-3
2.3 HB-LED EMEA Consumption Market Forecast, By Color and lm/W (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-4
2.4 HB-LED APAC Consumption Market Forecast, By Color and lm/W (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-4
2.5 Multi-Color Multichip: HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Region (Value, $Billion) 2-11
2.6 Red, Orange or Yellow: HB-LED Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-11
2.7 Blue, Green UV or Other Color: HB-LED Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-12
2.8 White: HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-12
2.9 Multi-Color Multichip: HB-LED Global Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-13
2.10 Multi-Color Multichip: HB-LED America Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-14
2.11 Multi-Color Multichip: HB-LED EMEA Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-14
2.12 Multi-Color Multichip: HB-LED APAC Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-15
2.13 Red, Orange and Yellow: HB-LED Global Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-16
2.14 Red, Orange and Yellow: HB-LED America Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-16
2.15 Red, Orange and Yellow: HB-LED EMEA Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-17
2.16 Red, Orange and Yellow: HB-LED APAC Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-17
2.17 Blue, Green, UV & Other Colors: HB-LED Global Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-18
2.18 Blue, Green, UV & Other Colors: HB-LED America Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-18
List of Tables – (Continued)
2.19 Blue, Green, UV & Other Colors: HB-LED APAC Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-19
2.20 Blue, Green, UV & Other Colors: HB-LED EMEA Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-19
2.21 White HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-20
2.22 White HB-LED America Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-20
2.23 White HB-LED EMEA Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-21
2.24 White HB-LED APAC Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 2-21
3.1.1 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Billion) 3-6
3.2.1 HB-LED Used in Mobile/Portable Devices Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 3-19
3.2.2 HB-LED Used in Mobile/Portable Devices Global Forecast, By Region (Quantity, Billion/Units) 3-19
3.2.3 HB-LED Used in Mobile/Portable Devices Global Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-20
3.2.4 HB-LED Used in Mobile/Portable Devices America Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-21
3.2.5 HB-LED Used in Mobile/Portable Devices EMEA Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-21
3.2.6 HB-LED Used in Mobile/Portable Devices APAC Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-22
3.3.1 Consumer-Based Comparison – LED Displays vs. Incandescent Signs 3-24
3.3.2 HB-LED Used in Signage/Professional Displays Global Forecast, By Region (Value, $Billion) 3-43
3.3.3 HB-LED Used in Signage/Professional Displays Global Forecast, By Region (Billion/Units) 3-44
3.3.4 HB-LED Used in Signage/Professional Displays Global Forecast, By Color and lm/W ($Billion) 3-44
3.3.5 HB-LED Used in Signage/Professional Displays America Forecast, By Color, lm/W ($Billion) 3-45
3.3.6 HB-LED Used in Signage/Professional Displays EMEA Forecast, By Color and m/W ($Billion) 3-45
3.3.7 HB-LED Used in Signage/Professional Displays APAC Forecast, By Color and m/W ($Billion) 3-46
3.4.1 Calculation of the Cost of Manufacturing Facility Downtime 3-87
3.4.2 Comparison of Lighting Technologies 3-88
3.4.3 PAR Lamp Designation and Nominal Diameter 3-111
3.4.4 HB-LED Used in SSL/General Lighting Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 3-127
3.4.5 HB-LED Used in SSL/General Lighting Global Forecast, By Region (Quantity Basis, Billion/Units) 3-128
3.4.6 HB-LED Used in SSL/General Lighting Global Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-128
3.4.7 HB-LED Used in SSL/General Lighting America Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-129
3.4.8 HB-LED Used in SSL/General Lighting EMEA Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-129
3.4.9 HB-LED Used in SSL/General Lighting APAC Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-130
3.5.1 HB-LED Used in Signals Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 3-148
3.5.2 HB-LED Used in Signals Global Forecast, By Region (Quantity Basis, Billion/Units) 3-148
3.5.3 HB-LED Used in Signals Global Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-149
3.5.4 HB-LED Used in Signals America Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-149
3.5.5 HB-LED Used in Signals EMEA Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-150
3.5.6 HB-LED Used in Signals APAC Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-150
3.6.1 HB-LED Used in Automotive/Vehicle Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 3-192
3.6.2 HB-LED Used in Automotive/Vehicle Global Forecast, By Region (Quantity Basis, Billion/Units) 3-193
3.6.3 HB-LED Used in Automotive/Vehicle Global Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-193
3.6.4 HB-LED Used in Automotive/Vehicle America Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-194
3.6.5 HB-LED Used in Automotive/Vehicle EMEA Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-194
3.6.6 HB-LED Used in Automotive/Vehicle APAC Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-195
3.7.1 Samsung Electronics 2011 TV Sales Targets 3-196
3.7.2 HB-LED Used in Consumer TV/Monitor Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 3-204
3.7.3 HB-LED Used in Consumer TV/Monitor Global Forecast, By Region (Quantity Basis, Billion/Units) 3-205
3.7.4 HB-LED Used in Consumer TV/Monitor Global Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-205
3.7.5 HB-LED Used in Consumer TV/Monitor America Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-206
3.7.6 HB-LED Used in Consumer TV/Monitor EMEA Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-206
3.7.7 HB-LED Used in Consumer TV/Monitor APAC Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-207
3.8.1 HB-LED Used in Other/Miscellaneous Global Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Billion) 3-217
3.8.2 HB-LED Used in Other/Miscellaneous Global Forecast, By Region (Quantity Basis, Billion/Units) 3-217
3.8.3 HB-LED Used in Other/Miscellaneous Global Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-218
3.8.4 HB-LED Used in Other/Miscellaneous America Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-218
3.8.5 HB-LED Used in Other/Miscellaneous EMEA Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-219
3.8.6 HB-LED Used in Other/Miscellaneous APAC Forecast, By Color and Lumen/Watt ($Billion) 3-219
8.1.1 ElectroniCast Market Forecast Data Base: LED Category Hierarchy List 8-2
8.2.1 ElectroniCast Market Forecast Database Application Category Hierarchy List 8-3
List of Figures
1.1.1 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Share (%) Forecast, By Region (Value Basis, $Million) 1-4
1.1.2 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Million) 1-7
1.1.3 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Color (Value Basis, $Million) 1-9
1.1.4 Single-die LED: 1000 lm at 100 lm/W at 3A 1-13
1.1.5 Example of LED Packaged Chip (Component-Level) Bulb 1-14
1.1.6 Example of LED Packaged Chip (Component-Level) Bulb 1-14
1.1.7 Example of LED Packaged Chip (Component-Level Bulb) Surface Mount Variations 1-15
1.1.8 Example of LED Packaged Chip: Flux (Component-Level Bulb) 1-16
1.1.9 Example of High Brightness LED Packaged Chip (Component-Bulb) 1-17
1.1.10 LED-Based Street Lights for Use in Central America 1-26
1.1.11 Architectural Monument Lighting in India using LEDs 1-45
1.2.1 Diagram of a Typical LED Chip 1-46
1.2.2 Diagram of a Typical LED Chip 1-47
1.2.3 LED Chip Cross-Sectional Structure 1-48
1.2.4 ESD Protection Diodes 1-49
2.1 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Color (Value Basis, $Million) 2-2
2.2 Improvement of Efficacy of Warm-White Light 2-9
3.1.1 World Map – Cooperation on Reducing GHG Emissions 3-2
3.1.2 HB-LED Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Value Basis, $Million) 3-7
3.1.3 Light-Emitting Diodes in a SMD Power Packages 3-8
3.1.4 18-LEDs on a Tower Type Bulb 3-9
3.1.5 Diagram: LED Driver with Dynamic Headroom Control 3-11
3.2.1 Portable Device: LED-Backlit IPS Display 3-12
3.2.2 Projection LED in Surface Mount Technology (SMT) 3-15
3.3.1 Sub SMT Full-Color Indoor LED Display 3-23
3.3.2 Outdoors High Brightness LED Display Board 3-25
3.3.3 LED Displays for Airports 3-26
3.3.4 Outdoors Roadside Billboard LED Displays 3-27
3.3.5 USA Map/Location of LED-based Digital Billboards 3-28
3.3.6 LED-Based Traffic Information Board in China 3-29
3.3.7 LED-Based Information Sign for Rapid Transit (San Francisco Bay Area) 3-30
3.3.8 LED Flexible Displays: Curtain/Drapery Walls 3-31
3.3.9 Illuminating Signs – LED Lighting Technology 3-33
3.3.10 Neon Sign Technology and LED Channel Letters (Signage) 3-34
3.3.11 LED Tube Light for Backlighting Signs 3-35
3.3.12 LEDs illuminating salad bars for displaying fresh produce 3-38
3.3.13 Comparison Table: Highly Reliable Dies versus Conventional 3-39
3.3.14 LED Numerical Displays 3-40
3.3.15 LED-Based Professional LCD Display 3-41
3.3.16 LED-Based Professional LCD Display 3-42
3.4.1 LED-Based Operating Theater Lighting 3-58
3.4.2 LED-Based Operating Theater Lighting 3-60
3.4.3 LED-Based Operating Theater Lighting with R9 Red Color 3-61
3.4.4 LED-Based Airfield Runway Edge Lighting 3-65
3.4.5 Solar Powered Airfield Light 3-66
3.4.6 LED Technology for Stage Lighting 3-70
3.4.7 Entertainment & Architectural Lighting: Multiple Colors LED in a Surface-Mount (SMT) Package 3-71
3.4.8 Color Mixer Reflector for LED Technology Lighting 3-72
3.4.9 LED Technology for Under-Cabinet Lighting 3-73
3.4.10 Production-Lighting: Small Rectangle LED Light Fixture 3-80
3.4.11 Production Lighting: 8.3-inch LED Circular Spot 3-81
3.4.12 Production Lighting: 14x14-inch LED Light Panel 3-82
3.4.13 Production Lighting: LED Circular Fresnel Spot Fixtures 3-83
3.4.14 48-inch Fluorescent Replacement Style LED Light Fixture 3-89
3.4.15 DIP T8 – Linear Tube Lamps With Plastic End-Caps 3-92
3.4.17 DIP-Type LED Linear Tube Lamps with Plastic End-Caps 600mm (60cm) in Length 3-96
List of Figures – (Continued)
3.4.18 DIP-Type LED Linear Tube Lamps with Metal End-Caps 1200mm (120cm) in Length 3-97
3.4.19 SMD-Type LED Linear Tube Lamps with Metal End-Caps 3-98
3.4.20 SMD-Type High-Output LED Linear Tube Lamps with Plastic End-Caps 1200mm in Length 3-99
3.4.21 Solar-Powered LED Lighting 3-104
3.4.22 LED Lighting (Sydney Australia) 3-106
3.4.23 LED Lamps Installed in Parking Lot 3-107
3.4.24 LED Streetlights 3-108
3.4.25 A19 Bulbs (Consumer-Level Bulb/LED LAMP) 3-110
3.4.26 LED-Based PAR 30 Lamp 3-112
3.4.27 LED-Based PAR 30 Lamp 3-112
3.4.28 General Service LED-based Lamp (A-Style Bulb Category) 3-117
3.4.29 9W MR16 LED Replacement Lamp 3-120
3.4.30 Complete Fixture and Replacement Bulb Streetlight (Lamp) 3-121
3.4.31 Samples of Lighting Fixture Types 3-122
3.5.1 LED Traffic Lighting Retrofit 3-136
3.5.2 Snow Scoop Tunnel Visor for LED-Based Traffic Light 3-137
3.5.3 Obstruction Bulbs (Lamps) - Flashing - 138 red or amber LEDs 3-138
3.6.1 LED Lighting in Automobiles 3-151
3.6.2 Automotive LED Headlights 3-155
3.6.3 Automotive LED Headlights 3-156
3.6.4 Public Transit Bus: LED Stairwell Light 3-159
3.6.5.a Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices 3-160
3.6.5.b Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices 3-160
3.6.5.c Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices 3-161
3.6.5.d Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices 3-161
3.6.6 Federal Lighting Location Requirements for Buses 3-162
3.6.7 Fully illuminated Rail Car LED Reading and Down Lights 3-167
3.6.8 Hybrid Electric Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Style 42-foot Buses 3-169
3.6.9 Bus with LED-Based Destination Signage 3-171
3.6.10 FBCB2 Computer and Display in Military Vehicle 3-176
3.6.11 Rotary Wing Aircraft Cockpit LED-Based Display 3-179
3.6.12 NVIS-Friendly Exterior Aircraft LED Lighting 3-181
3.6.13 HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales 3-183
3.6.14 LED-Base Wave-Off Light System for Aircraft Carriers 3-188
3.6.15 Military Helicopter Visual LED-Based Approach System 3-189
3.7.1 72-inch LED-Based LCD-TV 3-201
3.7.2 Micro-lens White LED Light guides for LCD Display 3-203
3.7.2 Diagram: Application Circuit for LED-TV Integrated Circuit Operation 3-213
3.8.1 UV LED-based Portable Fluorescent Forgery Detectors 3-234
3.8.2 Automated Flying-Insect Detection System (AFIDS) 3-237
3.8.3 Non-invasively tracks the direction of a person’s gaze in real time 3-239
3.8.4 FLIPPER - light-emitting diode excites fluorescence in the sample flow cell 3-244
3.8.5 Nano-sized "carbon dots" glow brightly when exposed to light 3-246
3.8.6 Variable wavelength HPLC/CE detector 3-255
3.8.7 Light Doses Range in LED Photo-therapy 3-266
3.8.8 Therapeutic Visible Light Spectrum 3-267
3.8.9 Skin treatment therapies Utilizing LED Photo-modulation 3-269
3.8.10 Blue LED Arrays for Melatonin Suppression 3-273
3.8.11 Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Apparatuses Containing Arrays of LEDs 3-279
3.8.12 LEDs – Different Colors for Fluorescence Microscopy Applications 3-292
3.8.13 (Theodolite) Ring Light 3-294
4.1 LED Chromatic Chart 4-10
4.2 Evolution of Research Emphasis During Technology Life Cycle 4-12
4.3 LED Chip: Metal Layer (Thin Film Technology) 4-13
4.4 Vertical LED Chip 4-14
List of Figures – Continued
4.5 AC LED Technology on a Wafer 4-20
4.6 Ultra High Bright LED Chip 4-21
4.7 Ultra-Thin LED 4-24
4.8 Solid-State Lighting LED 4-25
4.9 Transparent and flexible inorganic, organic hybrid n-type: Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) 4-29
4.10 Lumiramic Phosphor Technology: Thin Film Flip Chip (TFFC) technology 4-30
4.11 Lumiramic Phosphor Technology: Thin Film Flip Chip (TFFC) technology 4-30
4.12 Wire-to-Board LED Connector 4-33
4.13 Next-Generation Light Emitting Diode Module 4-37
4.14 4-Leaded RGB LED 4-39
4.15 Vertically Conducting Advanced LED Structure 4-43
4.16 AlGaInP LED Efficacy 4-45
5.1 PCB Assembly 5-23
5.2 LED Backlit Display 5-25
5.3 Rugged Touch Screen with NVIS Capability 5-40
5.4 LED Down light with 102 Lumens per Watt Fixture 5-54
5.5 LED Lighting Military Solutions 5-57
5.6 LED Lighting in Railway Station 5-59
5.7 LED Technology Safelight Design 5-70
5.8 LED Lighting (water flow stream) 5-74
5.9 NVIS/LED Control Panel 5-78
5.10 Integrated Weapons Delivery System 5-79
5.11 Cockpit Modular Display/Panel 5-88
5.12 Cockpit Large Area Display 5-89
5.13 Traffic Lamp LED 5-96
5.14 High Power LED Lamp 5-96
5.15 Surface Mount Type LED 5-97
5.16 Surface Mount Type LED 5-100
5.17 Exterior Aircraft LED Lighting 5-104
5.18 High-brightness LED Module 5-116
5.19 Surface-Mount Multi-layer Ceramic Packages 5-121
5.20 LED Linear Optical Array 5-128
5.21 Solid-State NVIS Lamps 5-140
5.22 LED Escalator Light 5-144
5.23 Nanostructures Designed for Different Color Emission 5-148
5.24 LED Array Lighting – Lamp 5-154
5.25 Light-Measurement Device 5-163
5.26 SSL LED: Replacement for Halogen Lamp in Spotlights 5-169
5.27 LED-Based Digital Billboard (Signage/Display) 5-184
5.28 Diagram of Backlight LED Drivers 5-187
5.29 Diagram of Multifunction Backlight LED Drivers 5-188
5.30 Diagram of White Backlight LED Drivers 5-189
5.31 Diagram White Backlight LED Drivers 5-190
5.32 Rotary Wing Aircraft Cockpit Display 5-192
5.33 Ultra-Thin LED 5-204
5.34 Quality Management System in LED Manufacturing 5-207
5.35 Military and Harsh-Environment LEDs 5-227
5.36 LED-Based Marine Biology Lighting Device 5-231
6.1 Market Research & Forecasting Methodology |
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Published By : ElectroniCast Consultants |
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